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Research Article
Is “cooling then freezing” a humane way to kill amphibians and reptiles?
Richard Shine, Joshua Amiel, Adam J. Munn, Mathew Stewart, Alexei L. Vyssotski, John A. Lesku
Biology Open 2015 : bio.012179 doi: 10.1242/bio.012179 Published 26 May 2015
Richard Shine
School of Biological Sciences A08, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia
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Joshua Amiel
School of Biological Sciences A08, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia
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Adam J. Munn
Institute for Conservation Biology and Environmental Management, School of Biological Sciences, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, New South Wales 2522, Australia
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Mathew Stewart
Institute for Conservation Biology and Environmental Management, School of Biological Sciences, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, New South Wales 2522, Australia
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Alexei L. Vyssotski
Institute of Neuroinformatics, University of Zurich/ETH Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland
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John A. Lesku
School of Life Sciences, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria 3086, Australia
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    Fig. 1.

    Rates of cooling on the skin surface and inside the body for cane toads (Rhinella marina) transferred from a refrigerator to a freezer. The panels show (A) ambient temperatures during the trials, (B) skin-surface temperatures, (C) deep-body temperatures, and (D) the thermal differential between the skin surface and the body core (means and standard errors). X-axis shows midpoint time for each 10-min period.

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    Fig. 2.

    Changes in brain activity measured as cumulative EEG power, and delta, theta, alpha, beta and gamma power, as a function of time spent in the new thermal regime. Across all frequency bandwidths, brain activity shows a smooth decline across the first 60 min in the fridge and 30 min in the freezer (means and standard errors). X-axis shows midpoint time for each 10-min period.

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  • Animal welfare
  • Bufo marinus
  • Ectothermy
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Research Article
Is “cooling then freezing” a humane way to kill amphibians and reptiles?
Richard Shine, Joshua Amiel, Adam J. Munn, Mathew Stewart, Alexei L. Vyssotski, John A. Lesku
Biology Open 2015 : bio.012179 doi: 10.1242/bio.012179 Published 26 May 2015
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Research Article
Is “cooling then freezing” a humane way to kill amphibians and reptiles?
Richard Shine, Joshua Amiel, Adam J. Munn, Mathew Stewart, Alexei L. Vyssotski, John A. Lesku
Biology Open 2015 : bio.012179 doi: 10.1242/bio.012179 Published 26 May 2015

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