Echinoderm
- Eyes and negative phototaxis in juvenile crown-of-thorns starfish, Acanthaster species complex
Summary: The juvenile crown-of-thorns starfish has much smaller eyes than adults do, which results in worse spatial resolution. Still, they use the eyes for negative phototaxis seeking shelter.
- Sea urchin Paracentrotus lividus immune cells in culture: formulation of the appropriate harvesting and culture media and maintenance conditions
Summary: Appropriate culture methods for sea urchin immune cells provide an invaluable and amenable model for answering immunological questions while limiting the use of mammalian organisms.